Spatial Biases and Cognitive Dynamics:

Hubbard, T. L. (in press). Launching, entraining, and representational momentum: Evidence consistent with an impetus heuristic in perception of causality. Axiomathes.

Hubbard, T. L. (in press). Visual perception of force: Comment on White (2012). Psychological Bulletin.

Hubbard, T. L., & Ruppel, S. E. (in press). Displacement of location in illusory line motion. Psychological Research/Psychologische Forschung.

Hutchison, J. L., Hubbard, T. L., Farrandino, B., Brigante, R., Wright, J. M., & Rypma, B. (in press). Auditory memory distortion for spoken prose. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition.

Hubbard, T. L. (2011). Boundary extension as a new Gestalt principle. In D. Algom, D. Zakay, E. Chajut, S. Shaki, Y. Mama, & V. Shakuf (Eds.). Fechner Day 2011: Proceedings of the 27th Annual Meeting of the International Society for Psychophysics (pp. 65-70). Raanana, Israel: International Society for Psychophysics. PDF

Hubbard, T. L. (2011). Extending pragnanz: Dynamic aspects of mental representation and Gestalt principles. In L. Albertazzi, G. van Tonder, & D. Vishwanath (Eds.), Perception beyond inference: The information content of visual processes. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press (pp. 75-108).

Hubbard, T. L., & Ruppel, S. E. (2011). Effects of spatial cuing on the onset repulsion effect. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 73, 2236-2248. PDF

Hubbard, T. L., & Ruppel, S. E. (2011). Effects of temporal and spatial separation on velocity and strength of illusory line motion. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 73, 1133-1146. PDF

Hubbard, T. L., & Ruppel, S. E. (2011). A Fröhlich effect in memory for auditory pitch: Effects of cueing and of representational gravity. In D. Algom, D. Zakay, E. Chajut, S. Shaki, Y. Mama, & V. Shakuf (Eds.), Fechner Day 2011: Proceedings of the 27th Annual Meeting of the International Society for Psychophysics (pp. 89-94). Raanana, Israel: International Society for Psychophysics. PDF

Hubbard, T. L. (2010). Approaches to representational momentum: Theories and models. In R. Nijhawan & B. Khurana (Eds.), Space and time in perception and action (pp. 338-365). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. PDF

Hubbard, T. L., & Courtney, J. R. (2010). Cross-modal influences on representational momentum and representational gravity. Perception, 39, 851-862. PDF

Hubbard, T. L., Hutchison, J. L., & Courtney, J. R. (2010). Boundary extension: Findings and theories. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 63, 1467-1494. PDF

Hubbard, T. L., & Lange, M. (2010). Prior probabilities and representational momentum. Visual Cognition, 18, 1063-1087. PDF

Hubbard, T. L., & Ruppel, S. E. (2010). Effects of temporal and spatial separation on velocity and strength of illusory line motion. In A. Bastianelli & G. Vidotto (Eds.), Fechner Day 2010: Proceedings of the 26th Annual Meeting of the International Society for Psychophysics (pp. 99-104). Padua, Italy: International Society for Psychophysics.

de sa Teixeira, N. A., & Hubbard, T. L. (2010). Auditory motion and visual representational momentum: Effects of response method. In A. Bastianelli & G. Vidotto (Eds.), Fechner Day 2010: Proceedings of the 26th Annual Meeting of the International Society for Psychophysics (pp. 415-420). Padua, Italy: International Society for Psychophysics.

Hubbard, T. L., & Courtney, J. R. (2009). Cross-modal influences on representational momentum and representational gravity. In M. A. Elliott, S. Antonijevic, S. Berthaud, P. Mulcahy, C. Martyn, B. Bargery, & H. Schmidt. (Eds.), Fechner Day 2009: Proceedings of the 25th Annual Meeting of the International Society for Psychophysics (pp. 173-178). Galway, Ireland: The International Society for Psychophysics.

Hubbard, T. L., Kumar, A. M., & Carp, C. L. (2009). Effects of spatial cueing on representational momentum. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 35, 666-677. PDF

Hubbard, T. L., & Lange, M. (2009). Prior probabilities and representational momentum. In M. A. Elliott, S. Antonijevic, S. Berthaud, P. Mulcahy, C. Martyn, B. Bargery, & H. Schmidt. (Eds.), Fechner Day 2009: Proceedings of the 25th Annual Meeting of the International Society for Psychophysics (pp. 509-514). Galway, Ireland: The International Society for Psychophysics.

Ruppel, S. E., Fleming, C. N., & Hubbard, T. L. (2009). Representational momentum is not (totally) impervious to error feedback. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology, 63, 49-58. PDF

Courtney, J. R., & Hubbard, T. L. (2008). Boundary extension and memory for area and distance. In B. A. Schneider, B. M. Ben-David, S. Parker, & W. Wong. (Eds.), Fechner Day 2008. Proceedings of the 24th Annual Meeting of the International Society for Psychophysics. Toronto, Canada: The International Society for Psychophysics (pp. 271-276). PDF

Courtney, J. R., & Hubbard, T. L. (2008). Spatial memory and explicit knowledge: An effect of instruction on representational momentum. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 61, 1778-1784. PDF

Hubbard, T. L. (2008). Representational momentum as a new Gestalt principle. In B. A. Schneider, B. M. Ben-David, S. Parker, & W. Wong. (Eds.), Fechner Day 2008. Proceedings of the 24th Annual Meeting of the International Society for Psychophysics. Toronto, Canada: The International Society for Psychophysics (pp. 333-338). PDF

Hubbard, T. L. (2008). Representational momentum contributes to motion induced mislocalization of stationary objects. Visual Cognition, 16, 44-67. PDF

Hubbard, T. L., & Courtney, J. R. (2008). The onset repulsion effect and motion induced mislocalization of a stationary object. Perception, 37, 1386-1398. PDF

Motes, M. A., Hubbard, T. L., Courtney, J. R., & Rypma, B. (2008). A principal components analysis of dynamic spatial memory biases. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 34, 1076-1083. PDF

Courtney, J. R., Motes, M. A., & Hubbard, T. L. (2007). Multi- and unisensory visual flash illusions. Perception, 36, 516-524. PDF

Hubbard, T. L. (2006). Bridging the gap: Possible roles and contributions of representational momentum. Psicologica, 27, 1-34. PDF

Hubbard, T. L. (2006). Computational theory and cognition in representational momentum and related types of displacement: A reply to Kerzel. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 13, 174-177. PDF

Hubbard, T. L. (2006). Representational momentum, flash-lag, and motion capture. In D. E. Kornbrut, R. M. Msetfi, & A. W. MacRae (Eds.), Fechner Day 2006. Proceedings of the 22nd Annual Meeting of the International Society for Psychophysics. St. Albans, UK: The International Society for Psychophysics (pp. 131-136). PDF

Hubbard, T. L. & Courtney, J. R. (2006). Evidence suggestive of separate visual dynamics in perception and in memory. In L. Albertazzi, (Ed.), Visual thought: The depictive space of the mind (pp. 71-98). Amsterdam: Benjamins Publishing Company.

Hubbard, T. L. (2005). An effect of target orientation on representational momentum. Paideia, 15, 207-216. PDF

Hubbard, T. L. (2005). Representational momentum and related displacements in spatial memory: A review of the findings. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 12, 822-851. PDF

Hubbard, T. L., & Motes, M. A. (2005). An effect of context on whether memory for initial position exhibits a Fröhlich Effect or an Onset Repulsion Effect. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 58A, 961-979. PDF

Hubbard, T. L., Ruppel, S. E., & Courtney, J. R. (2005). The force of appearance: Gamma movement, naive impetus, and representational momentum. Psicologica, 26, 209-228. PDF

Hubbard, T. L. (2004). The perception of causality: Insights from Michotte's launching effect, naive impetus theory, and representational momentum. In A. M. Oliveira, M.P. Teixeira, G. F. Borges, & M. J. Ferro (Eds.), Fechner Day 2004. Coimbra, Portugal: The International Society for Psychophysics (pp. 116-121). PDF

Hubbard, T. L., & Favretto, A. (2003). Naive impetus and Michotte's "Tool Effect:" Evidence from representational momentum. Psychological Research/Psychologische Forschung, 67, 134-152. PDF

Hubbard, T. L., & Ruppel, S. E. (2002). A possible role of naive impetus in Michotte's "Launching Effect:" Evidence from representational momentum. Visual Cognition, 9, 153-176. PDF

Hubbard, T. L., & Motes, M. A. (2002). Does representational momentum reflect a distortion of the length or the endpoint of a trajectory? Cognition, 82, B89-B99. PDF

Thornton, I. M., & Hubbard, T. L. (Eds.). (2002). Representational momentum: New findings, new directions. New York: Psychology Press/Taylor & Francis.

Hubbard, T. L. (2001). The effect of height in the picture plane on the forward displacement of ascending and descending targets. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology, 55, 325-330. PDF

Hubbard, T. L., & Blessum, J. A. (2001). A structural dynamic of form: Displacements in memory for the size of an angle. Visual Cognition, 8, 725-749. PDF

Hubbard, T. L., Blessum, J. A., & Ruppel, S. E. (2001). Representational momentum and Michotte's (1946/1963) "Launching Effect" paradigm. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 27, 294-301. PDF

Hubbard, T. L., & Ruppel, S. E. (2000). Spatial memory averaging, the landmark attraction effect, and representational gravity. Psychological Research/Psychologische Forschung, 64,41-55. PDF

Hubbard, T. L. (1999). How consequences of physical principles influence mental representation: The environmental invariants hypothesis. In P. R. Killeen & W. R. Uttal (Eds.), Fechner Day 99: The end of 20th century psychophysics. Proceedings of the 15th Annual Meeting of the International Society for Psychophysics. Tempe, AZ, USA: The International Society for Psychophysics (pp. 274-279). PDF

Hubbard, T. L., Matzenbacher, D. L., & Davis, S. E. (1999). Representational momentum in children: Dynamic information and analogue representation. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 88, 910-916. PDF

Hubbard, T. L., & Ruppel, S. E. (1999). Representational momentum and the landmark attraction effect. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology, 53, 242-256. PDF

Hubbard, T. L. (1998). How consequences of physical principles influence mental representation: The environmental invariants hypothesis. Proceedings of the Twentieth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Mahweh, NJ: Erlbaum (pp. 1228).

Hubbard, T. L. (1998). Representational momentum and other displacements in memory as evidence for nonconscious knowledge of physical principles. In S. R. Hameroff, A. W. Kaszniak & A. C. Scott (Eds.), Towards a science of consciousness II: The second Tucson discussions and debates. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press (pp. 505-512).

Hubbard, T. L. (1998). Some effects of representational friction, target size, and memory averaging on memory for vertically moving targets. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology, 52, 44-49. PDF

Hubbard, T. L. (1997). Target size and displacement along the axis of implied gravitational attraction: Effects of implied weight and evidence of representational gravity. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 23, 1484-1493. PDF

Hubbard, T. L. (1997). Target size and representational momentum: A re-evaluation of the momentum metaphor. Proceedings of the Nineteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Mahweh, NJ: Erlbaum (pp. 953).

Hubbard, T. L. (1996). Displacement in depth: Representational momentum and boundary extension. Psychological Research/Psychologische Forschung, 59, 33-47. PDF

Hubbard, T. L. (1996). Representational momentum and boundary extension: Evidence suggestive of a more general displacement mechanism. Proceedings of the Eighteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum (pp. 778).

Hubbard, T. L. (1996). Representational momentum, centripetal force, and curvilinear impetus. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 22, 1049-1060. PDF

Hubbard, T. L. (1995). Auditory representational momentum: Surface form, velocity, and direction effects. American Journal of Psychology, 108, 255-274. PDF

Hubbard, T. L. (1995). Cognitive representation of motion: Evidence for friction and gravity analogues. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 21, 241-254. PDF

Hubbard, T. L. (1995). Environmental invariants in the representation of motion: Implied dynamics and representational momentum, gravity, friction, and centripetal force. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 2, 322-338. PDF

Hubbard, T. L. (1994). Judged displacement: A modular process? American Journal of Psychology, 107, 359-373. PDF

Hubbard, T. L. (1993). Auditory representational momentum: Musical schemata and modularity. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 31, 201-204.

Hubbard, T. L. (1993). The effects of context on visual representational momentum. Memory & Cognition, 21, 103-114. PDF

Hubbard, T. L. (1990). Cognitive representation of linear motion: Possible direction and gravity effects in judged displacement. Memory & Cognition, 18, 299-309. PDF

Hubbard, T. L., & Bharucha, J. J. (1988). Judged displacement in apparent vertical and horizontal motion. Perception & Psychophysics, 44, 211-221. PDF

Visual Imagery and Memory Psychophysics:

Hubbard, T. L. (1996). Synesthesia-like mappings of lightness, pitch, and melodic interval. American Journal of Psychology, 109, 219-238. PDF

Hubbard, T. L. (1994). Memory psychophysics. Psychological Research/ Psychologische Forschung, 56, 237-250. PDF

Hubbard, T. L. (1993). Cross-modality matching in memory psychophysics: Brightness and loudness. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 76, 1339-1357. PDF

Hubbard, T. L., & Baird, J. C. (1993). The effects of size, clutter, and complexity on the vanishing point distance in visual imagery. Psychological Research/ Psychologische Forschung, 55, 223-236. PDF

Baird, J. C., & Hubbard, T. L. (1992). The psychophysics of visual imagery. In: D. Algom, (Ed.), Psychophysical approaches to cognition. New York: Elsevier (pp. 389-440).

Hubbard, T. L., Kall, D., & Baird, J. C. (1989). Imagery, memory, and size-distance invariance. Memory & Cognition, 17, 87-94. PDF

Hubbard, T. L., & Baird, J. C. (1988). Overflow, first-sight, and vanishing point distances in visual imagery. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 14, 641-649. PDF

Music Cognition and Auditory Imagery:

Hubbard, T. L. (in press). Auditory aspects of auditory imagery. In S. Lacey & R. Lawson (Eds.). Multisensory imagery: Theories and applications. New York: Springer.

Hubbard, T. L. (in press). Auditory imagery contains more than audition. In S. Lacey & R. Lawson (Eds.). Multisensory imagery: Theories and applications. New York: Springer.

Hubbard, T. L. (2010). Auditory imagery: Empirical findings. Psychological Bulletin, 136, 302-329. PDF

Collier, W. G., & Hubbard, T. L. (2004). Musical scales and brightness evaluations: Effects of pitch, direction, and scale mode. Musicae Scientiae, 8, 151-173. PDF

Collier, W. G., & Hubbard, T. L. (2001). Judgments of happiness, brightness, speed and tempo change of auditory stimuli varying in pitch and tempo. Psychomusicology, 17, 36-55. PDF

Collier, W. G., & Hubbard, T. L. (2001). Musical scales and happiness/awkwardness evaluations: Effects of pitch, direction, and scale mode. American Journal of Psychology, 114, 355-375. PDF

Hubbard, T. L., & Datteri, D. L. (2001). Recognizing the component tones of a major chord. American Journal of Psychology, 114, 569-589. PDF

Hubbard, T. L. (1998). Listeners can discriminate among major chord positions. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 87, 891-897. PDF

Hubbard, T. L., & Stoeckig, K. (1992). The representation of pitch in musical imagery. In: D. Reisberg, (Ed.), Auditory imagery. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum (pp. 199-235).

Hubbard, T. L., & Stoeckig, K. (1988). Musical imagery: Generation of tones and chords. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 14, 656-667. PDF

Consciousness Studies and Philosophy:

Hubbard, T. L. (in press). Causal representation and shamanic experience. Journal of Consciousness Studies.

Hubbard, T. L. (2008). The inner meaning of outer space: Human nature and the celestial realm. Advances in Latin American Psychology (Special Issue on Nurturing Human Nature), 26, 52-65. PDF

Hubbard, T. L. (2007). What is mental representation? And how does it relate to consciousness? Journal of Consciousness Studies, 14, 37-61. PDF

Hubbard, T. L. (2003). Further correspondences and similarities of shamanism and cognitive science: Mental representation, implicit processing, and cognitive structures. Anthropology of Consciousness, 14, 40-74. PDF

Hubbard, T. L. (2002). Some correspondences and similarities of shamanism and cognitive science: Interconnectedness, extension of meaning, and attribution of mental states. Anthropology of Consciousness, 13, 26-45. PDF

Bootzin, R. R., Hubbard, T. L., Reiman, E. M., Bandy, D., Yun, L. S., & Munzlinger, T. G. (1998). Brain regions preferentially affected during different stages of sleep and wakefulness: A PET study. Sleep, 21, 272.

Hubbard, T. L. (1996). Consciousness and cognition beyond the body: Functionalist cognitive science and the possibility of out-of-body experiences and reincarnation. Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, 90, 202-220.

Hubbard, T. L. (1996). The importance of a consideration of qualia to imagery and cognition. Consciousness and Cognition, 5, 327-358. PDF

Hubbard, T. L. (1994). Random cognitive activation in dreaming does not require a Cartesian theater. Dreaming, 4, 255-266.

Commentaries and Abstracts:

Hubbard, T. L. (2010). An impetus heuristic in the perception of causality. Perception, 39 (supplement), 97. PDF

Hubbard, T. L., & Lange, M. (2009). Prior probabilities and representational momentum: A signal detection analysis. Journal of Vision, 9, 692.

Hubbard, T. L., & Ruppel, S. E. (2009). Vertical illusory line motion and representational gravity. Perception, 38 (supplement), 177. PDF

Hubbard, T. L., & Courtney, J. R. (2008). Effects of crossmodal information on representational momentum and representational gravity. Perception, 37 (supplement), 114. PDF

Hubbard, T. L., Kumar, A. M., & Carp, C. L. (2008). Effects of spatial cue timing and relevance on representational momentum. Journal of Vision, 8, 599.

Hubbard, T. L., & Kumar, A. M. (2007). Effects of cueing attention on representational momentum. Perception, 36 (supplement), 186. PDF

Hubbard, T. L., & Courtney, J. R. (2006). Onset repulsion and onset flash-lag: Effects on a stationary stimulus. Perception, 35 (supplement), 218-219. PDF

Hubbard, T. L. (2005). Representational momentum and the line-motion illusion. Perception, 34 (supplement), 233. PDF

Hubbard, T. L. (2004). Does representational momentum contribute to the flash-lag effect? Perception, 33 (supplement), 156. PDF

Hubbard, T. L., & Ruppel, S. E. (2003). The force of appearance: Gamma movement, impetus, and representational momentum. Perception, 32 (supplement), 145. PDF

Hubbard, T. L. (2002). Mental representation reflects subjective experience: Convergent evidence from imagery and representational momentum. Journal of Mental Imagery, 26, 60-65.

Hubbard, T. L., & Motes, M. A. (2002). The Fröhlich effect and the onset repulsion effect. Perception, 31 (supplement), 41. PDF

Hubbard, T. L., & Motes, M. A. (2002). Memory for initial position: A Fröhlich effect or an onset repulsion effect? Journal of Vision, 2, 28.

Hubbard, T. L., & Ruppel, S. E. (2002). Naïve impetus, the launching effect, and representational momentum. Perception, 31 (supplement), 122. PDF

Hubbard, T. L. (2001). How consequences of physical principles influence mental representation: Representational momentum and related types of displacement. Perception, 30 (supplement), 102. PDF

Hubbard, T. L., & Motes, M. A. (2001). Does representational momentum reflect a distortion of the length or the endpoint of a trajectory? Perception, 30 (supplement), 105. PDF

Favretto, A., & Hubbard, T. L. (2000). Effects of previous and succeeding target presentations on the displacement of memory for target lightness. Perception, 29 (supplement), 19. PDF

Hubbard, T. L., & Favretto, A. (2000). The role of the tool in Michotte's "tool effect:" Evidence from representational momentum. Perception, 29 (supplement), 92. PDF

Favretto, A., Hubbard, T. L., Brandimonte, M. A. & Gerbino, W. (1999). Effects of background luminance on representational momentum for lightness. Perception, 28 (supplement), 77. PDF

Hubbard, T. L., & Favretto, A. (1999). Representational momentum in Michotte's 'launching effect' and 'tool effect' paradigms. Perception, 28 (supplement), 44. PDF

Shames, V. A., & Hubbard, T. L. (1995). Consciousness beyond the comparator. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 18, 697.

Hubbard, T. L. (1993). Artificial intelligence. In F. N. Magill, (Ed.), Survey of the social sciences: Psychology. Pasadena, CA: Salem Press (pp. 299-306).

Hubbard, T. L. (1993). Logic and reasoning. In F. N. Magill, (Ed.), Survey of the social sciences: Psychology. Pasadena, CA: Salem Press (pp. 1471-1478).

Hubbard, T. L. (1993). Memory and schemata. In F. N. Magill, (Ed.), Survey of the social sciences: Psychology. Pasadena, CA: Salem Press (pp. 1549-1556).

Hubbard, T. L. (1990). Scientific reduction and the possibility of parapsychology: Parallels from cognitive psychology. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 13, 384-385.

Johnson, J., Ettinger, R. H., & Hubbard, T. L. (1990). A long time ago in a computing lab far, far, away... Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 13, 670.

Hubbard, T. L., Baird, J. C., & Ajmal, A. (1989). Different skills or different knowledge? Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 12, 86-87.

2012:

Hubbard, T. L. (in press). Auditory aspects of auditory imagery. In S. Lacey & R. Lawson (Eds.). Multisensory imagery: Theories and applications. New York: Springer.

Hubbard, T. L. (in press). Auditory imagery contains more than audition. In S. Lacey & R. Lawson (Eds.). Multisensory imagery: Theories and applications. New York: Springer.

Hubbard, T. L. (in press). Causal representation and shamanic experience. Journal of Consciousness Studies.

Hubbard, T. L. (in press). Launching, entraining, and representational momentum: Evidence consistent with an impetus heuristic in perception of causality. Axiomathes.

Hubbard, T. L. (in press). Visual perception of force: Comment on White (2012). Psychological Bulletin.

Hubbard, T. L., & Ruppel, S. E. (in press). Displacement of location in illusory line motion. Psychological Research/Psychologische Forschung.

Hutchison, J. L., Hubbard, T. L., Farrandino, B., Brigante, R., Wright, J. M., & Rypma, B. (in press). Auditory memory distortion for spoken prose. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition.

2011:

Hubbard, T. L. (2011). Boundary extension as a new Gestalt principle. In D. Algom, D. Zakay, E. Chajut, S. Shaki, Y. Mama, & V. Shakuf (Eds.). Fechner Day 2011: Proceedings of the 27th Annual Meeting of the International Society for Psychophysics (pp. 65-70). Raanana, Israel: International Society for Psychophysics. PDF

Hubbard, T. L. (2011). Extending pragnanz: Dynamic aspects of mental representation and Gestalt principles. In L. Albertazzi, G. van Tonder, & D. Vishwanath (Eds.), Perception beyond inference: The information content of visual processes. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press (pp. 75-108).

Hubbard, T. L., & Ruppel, S. E. (2011). Effects of spatial cuing on the onset repulsion effect. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 73, 2236-2248. PDF

Hubbard, T. L., & Ruppel, S. E. (2011). Effects of temporal and spatial separation on velocity and strength of illusory line motion. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 73, 1133-1146. PDF

Hubbard, T. L., & Ruppel, S. E. (2011). A Fröhlich effect in memory for auditory pitch: Effects of cueing and of representational gravity. In D. Algom, D. Zakay, E. Chajut, S. Shaki, Y. Mama, & V. Shakuf (Eds.), Fechner Day 2011: Proceedings of the 27th Annual Meeting of the International Society for Psychophysics (pp. 89-94). Raanana, Israel: International Society for Psychophysics. PDF

2010:

Hubbard, T. L. (2010). An impetus heuristic in the perception of causality. Perception, 39 (supplement), 97. PDF

Hubbard, T. L. (2010). Approaches to representational momentum: Theories and models. In R. Nijhawan & B. Khurana (Eds.), Space and time in perception and action (pp. 338-365). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. PDF

Hubbard, T. L. (2010). Auditory imagery: Empirical findings. Psychological Bulletin, 136, 302-329. PDF

Hubbard, T. L., & Courtney, J. R. (2010). Cross-modal influences on representational momentum and representational gravity. Perception, 39, 851-862. PDF

Hubbard, T. L., Hutchison, J. L., & Courtney, J. R. (2010). Boundary extension: Findings and theories. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 63, 1467-1494. PDF

Hubbard, T. L., & Lange, M. (2010). Prior probabilities and representational momentum. Visual Cognition, 18, 1063-1087. PDF

Hubbard, T. L., & Ruppel, S. E. (2010). Effects of temporal and spatial separation on velocity and strength of illusory line motion. In A. Bastianelli & G. Vidotto (Eds.), Fechner Day 2010: Proceedings of the 26th Annual Meeting of the International Society for Psychophysics (pp. 99-104). Padua, Italy: International Society for Psychophysics.

de sa Teixeira, N. A., & Hubbard, T. L. (2010). Auditory motion and visual representational momentum: Effects of response method. In A. Bastianelli & G. Vidotto (Eds.), Fechner Day 2010: Proceedings of the 26th Annual Meeting of the International Society for Psychophysics (pp. 415-420). Padua, Italy: International Society for Psychophysics.

2009:

Hubbard, T. L., & Courtney, J. R. (2009). Cross-modal influences on representational momentum and representational gravity. In M. A. Elliott, S. Antonijevic, S. Berthaud, P. Mulcahy, C. Martyn, B. Bargery, & H. Schmidt. (Eds.), Fechner Day 2009: Proceedings of the 25th Annual Meeting of the International Society for Psychophysics (pp. 173-178). Galway, Ireland: The International Society for Psychophysics.

Hubbard, T. L., Kumar, A. M., & Carp, C. L. (2009). Effects of spatial cueing on representational momentum. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 35, 666-677. PDF

Hubbard, T. L., & Lange, M. (2009). Prior probabilities and representational momentum. In M. A. Elliott, S. Antonijevic, S. Berthaud, P. Mulcahy, C. Martyn, B. Bargery, & H. Schmidt. (Eds.), Fechner Day 2009: Proceedings of the 25th Annual Meeting of the International Society for Psychophysics (pp. 509-514). Galway, Ireland: The International Society for Psychophysics.

Hubbard, T. L., & Lange, M. (2009). Prior probabilities and representational momentum: A signal detection analysis. Journal of Vision, 9, 692.

Hubbard, T. L., & Ruppel, S. E. (2009). Vertical illusory line motion and representational gravity. Perception, 38 (supplement), 177. PDF

Ruppel, S. E., Fleming, C. N., & Hubbard, T. L. (2009). Representational momentum is not (totally) impervious to error feedback. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology, 63, 49-58. PDF

2008:

Courtney, J. R., & Hubbard, T. L. (2008). Boundary extension and memory for area and distance. In B. A. Schneider, B. M. Ben-David, S. Parker, & W. Wong. (Eds.), Fechner Day 2008. Proceedings of the 24th Annual Meeting of the International Society for Psychophysics. Toronto, Canada: The International Society for Psychophysics (pp. 271-276). PDF

Courtney, J. R., & Hubbard, T. L. (2008). Spatial memory and explicit knowledge: An effect of instruction on representational momentum. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 61, 1778-1784. PDF

Hubbard, T. L. (2008). Representational momentum as a new Gestalt principle. In B. A. Schneider, B. M. Ben-David, S. Parker, & W. Wong. (Eds.), Fechner Day 2008. Proceedings of the 24th Annual Meeting of the International Society for Psychophysics. Toronto, Canada: The International Society for Psychophysics (pp. 333-338). PDF

Hubbard, T. L. (2008). Representational momentum contributes to motion induced mislocalization of stationary objects. Visual Cognition, 16, 44-67. PDF

Hubbard, T. L. (2008). The inner meaning of outer space: Human nature and the celestial realm. Advances in Latin American Psychology (Special Issue on Nurturing Human Nature), 26, 52-65. PDF

Hubbard, T. L., & Courtney, J. R. (2008). Effects of crossmodal information on representational momentum and representational gravity. Perception, 37 (supplement), 114. PDF

Hubbard, T. L., & Courtney, J. R. (2008). The onset repulsion effect and motion induced mislocalization of a stationary object. Perception, 37, 1386-1398. PDF

Hubbard, T. L., Kumar, A. M., & Carp, C. L. (2008). Effects of spatial cue timing and relevance on representational momentum. Journal of Vision, 8, 599.

Motes, M. A., Hubbard, T. L., Courtney, J. R., & Rypma, B. (2008). A principal components analysis of dynamic spatial memory biases. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 34, 1076-1083. PDF

2007:

Courtney, J. R., Motes, M. A., & Hubbard, T. L. (2007). Multi- and unisensory visual flash illusions. Perception, 36, 516-524. PDF

Hubbard, T. L., & Kumar, A. M. (2007). Effects of cueing attention on representational momentum. Perception, 36 (supplement), 186. PDF

Hubbard, T. L. (2007). What is mental representation? And how does it relate to consciousness? Journal of Consciousness Studies, 14, 37-61. PDF

2006:

Hubbard, T. L. (2006). Bridging the gap: Possible roles and contributions of representational momentum. Psicologica, 27, 1-34. PDF

Hubbard, T. L. (2006). Computational theory and cognition in representational momentum and related types of displacement: A reply to Kerzel. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 13, 174-177. PDF

Hubbard, T. L. (2006). Representational momentum, flash-lag, and motion capture. In D. E. Kornbrut, R. M. Msetfi, & A. W. MacRae (Eds.), Fechner Day 2006. Proceedings of the 22nd Annual Meeting of the International Society for Psychophysics. St. Albans, UK: The International Society for Psychophysics (pp. 131-136). PDF

Hubbard, T. L. & Courtney, J. R. (2006). Evidence suggestive of separate visual dynamics in perception and in memory. In L. Albertazzi, (Ed.), Visual thought: The depictive space of the mind (pp. 71-98). Amsterdam: Benjamins Publishing Company.

Hubbard, T. L., & Courtney, J. R. (2006). Onset repulsion and onset flash-lag: Effects on a stationary stimulus. Perception, 35 (supplement), 218-219. PDF

2005:

Hubbard, T. L. (2005). An effect of target orientation on representational momentum. Paideia, 15, 207-216. PDF

Hubbard, T. L. (2005). Representational momentum and related displacements in spatial memory: A review of the findings. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 12, 822-851. PDF

Hubbard, T. L. (2005). Representational momentum and the line-motion illusion. Perception, 34 (supplement), 233. PDF

Hubbard, T. L., & Motes, M. A. (2005). An effect of context on whether memory for initial position exhibits a Fröhlich Effect or an Onset Repulsion Effect. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 58A, 961-979. PDF

Hubbard, T. L., Ruppel, S. E., & Courtney, J. R. (2005). The force of appearance: Gamma movement, naive impetus, and representational momentum. Psicologica, 26, 209-228. PDF

2004:

Collier, W. G., & Hubbard, T. L. (2004). Musical scales and brightness evaluations: Effects of pitch, direction, and scale mode. Musicae Scientiae, 8, 151-173. PDF

Hubbard, T. L. (2004). Does representational momentum contribute to the flash-lag effect? Perception, 33 (supplement), 156. PDF

Hubbard, T. L. (2004). The perception of causality: Insights from Michotte's launching effect, naive impetus theory, and representational momentum. In A. M. Oliveira, M.P. Teixeira, G. F. Borges, & M. J. Ferro (Eds.), Fechner Day 2004. Coimbra, Portugal: The International Society for Psychophysics (pp. 116-121). PDF

2003:

Hubbard, T. L. (2003). Further correspondences and similarities of shamanism and cognitive science: Mental representation, implicit processing, and cognitive structures. Anthropology of Consciousness, 14, 40-74. PDF

Hubbard, T. L., & Favretto, A. (2003). Naive impetus and Michotte's "Tool Effect:" Evidence from representational momentum. Psychological Research/Psychologische Forschung, 67, 134-152. PDF

Hubbard, T. L., & Ruppel, S. E. (2003). The force of appearance: Gamma movement, impetus, and representational momentum. Perception, 32 (supplement), 145. PDF

2002:

Hubbard, T. L. (2002). Mental representation reflects subjective experience: Convergent evidence from imagery and representational momentum. Journal of Mental Imagery, 26, 60-65.

Hubbard, T. L. (2002). Some correspondences and similarities of shamanism and cognitive science: Interconnectedness, extension of meaning, and attribution of mental states. Anthropology of Consciousness, 13, 26-45. PDF

Hubbard, T. L., & Ruppel, S. E. (2002). A possible role of naive impetus in Michotte's "Launching Effect:" Evidence from representational momentum. Visual Cognition, 9, 153-176. PDF

Hubbard, T. L., & Ruppel, S. E. (2002). Naïve impetus, the launching effect, and representational momentum. Perception, 31 (supplement), 122. PDF

Hubbard, T. L., & Motes, M. A. (2002). Does representational momentum reflect a distortion of the length or the endpoint of a trajectory? Cognition, 82, B89-B99. PDF

Hubbard, T. L., & Motes, M. A. (2002). The Fröhlich effect and the onset repulsion effect. Perception, 31 (supplement), 41. PDF

Hubbard, T. L., & Motes, M. A. (2002). Memory for initial position: A Fröhlich effect or an onset repulsion effect? Journal of Vision, 2, 28.

Thornton, I. M., & Hubbard, T. L. (Eds.). (2002). Representational momentum: New findings, new directions. New York: Psychology Press/Taylor & Francis.

2001:

Collier, W. G., & Hubbard, T. L. (2001). Judgments of happiness, brightness, speed and tempo change of auditory stimuli varying in pitch and tempo. Psychomusicology, 17, 36-55. PDF

Collier, W. G., & Hubbard, T. L. (2001). Musical scales and happiness/awkwardness evaluations: Effects of pitch, direction, and scale mode. American Journal of Psychology, 114, 355-375. PDF

Hubbard, T. L. (2001). The effect of height in the picture plane on the forward displacement of ascending and descending targets. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology, 55, 325-330. PDF

Hubbard, T. L. (2001). How consequences of physical principles influence mental representation: Representational momentum and related types of displacement. Perception, 30 (supplement), 102. PDF

Hubbard, T. L., & Blessum, J. A. (2001). A structural dynamic of form: Displacements in memory for the size of an angle. Visual Cognition, 8, 725-749. PDF

Hubbard, T. L., Blessum, J. A., & Ruppel, S. E. (2001). Representational momentum and Michotte's (1946/1963) "Launching Effect" paradigm. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 27, 294-301. PDF

Hubbard, T. L., & Datteri, D. L. (2001). Recognizing the component tones of a major chord. American Journal of Psychology, 114, 569-589. PDF

Hubbard, T. L., & Motes, M. A. (2001). Does representational momentum reflect a distortion of the length or the endpoint of a trajectory? Perception, 30 (supplement), 105. PDF

2000:

Favretto, A., & Hubbard, T. L. (2000). Effects of previous and succeeding target presentations on the displacement of memory for target lightness. Perception, 29 (supplement), 19. PDF

Hubbard, T. L., & Favretto, A. (2000). The role of the tool in Michotte's "tool effect:" Evidence from representational momentum. Perception, 29 (supplement), 92. PDF

Hubbard, T. L., & Ruppel, S. E. (2000). Spatial memory averaging, the landmark attraction effect, and representational gravity. Psychological Research/Psychologische Forschung, 64,41-55. PDF

1999:

Favretto, A., Hubbard, T. L., Brandimonte, M. A. & Gerbino, W. (1999). Effects of background luminance on representational momentum for lightness. Perception, 28 (supplement), 77. PDF

Hubbard, T. L. (1999). How consequences of physical principles influence mental representation: The environmental invariants hypothesis. In P. R. Killeen & W. R. Uttal (Eds.), Fechner Day 99: The end of 20th century psychophysics. Proceedings of the 15th Annual Meeting of the International Society for Psychophysics. Tempe, AZ, USA: The International Society for Psychophysics (pp. 274-279). PDF

Hubbard, T. L., & Favretto, A. (1999). Representational momentum in Michotte's 'launching effect' and 'tool effect' paradigms. Perception, 28 (supplement), 44. PDF

Hubbard, T. L., Matzenbacher, D. L., & Davis, S. E. (1999). Representational momentum in children: Dynamic information and analogue representation. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 88, 910-916. PDF

Hubbard, T. L., & Ruppel, S. E. (1999). Representational momentum and the landmark attraction effect. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology, 53, 242-256. PDF

1998:

Bootzin, R. R., Hubbard, T. L., Reiman, E. M., Bandy, D., Yun, L. S., & Munzlinger, T. G. (1998). Brain regions preferentially affected during different stages of sleep and wakefulness: A PET study. Sleep, 21, 272.

Hubbard, T. L. (1998). How consequences of physical principles influence mental representation: The environmental invariants hypothesis. Proceedings of the Twentieth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Mahweh, NJ: Erlbaum (pp. 1228).

Hubbard, T. L. (1998). Listeners can discriminate among major chord positions. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 87, 891-897. PDF

Hubbard, T. L. (1998). Representational momentum and other displacements in memory as evidence for nonconscious knowledge of physical principles. In S. R. Hameroff, A. W. Kaszniak & A. C. Scott (Eds.), Towards a science of consciousness II: The second Tucson discussions and debates. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press (pp. 505-512).

Hubbard, T. L. (1998). Some effects of representational friction, target size, and memory averaging on memory for vertically moving targets. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology, 52, 44-49. PDF

1997:

Hubbard, T. L. (1997). Target size and displacement along the axis of implied gravitational attraction: Effects of implied weight and evidence of representational gravity. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 23, 1484-1493. PDF

Hubbard, T. L. (1997). Target size and representational momentum: A re-evaluation of the momentum metaphor. Proceedings of the Nineteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Mahweh, NJ: Erlbaum (pp. 953).

1996:

Hubbard, T. L. (1996). Consciousness and cognition beyond the body: Functionalist cognitive science and the possibility of out-of-body experiences and reincarnation. Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, 90, 202-220.

Hubbard, T. L. (1996). Displacement in depth: Representational momentum and boundary extension. Psychological Research/Psychologische Forschung, 59, 33-47. PDF

Hubbard, T. L. (1996). Representational momentum and boundary extension: Evidence suggestive of a more general displacement mechanism. Proceedings of the Eighteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum (pp. 778).

Hubbard, T. L. (1996). Representational momentum, centripetal force, and curvilinear impetus. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 22, 1049-1060. PDF

Hubbard, T. L. (1996). Synesthesia-like mappings of lightness, pitch, and melodic interval. American Journal of Psychology, 109, 219-238. PDF

Hubbard, T. L. (1996). The importance of a consideration of qualia to imagery and cognition. Consciousness and Cognition, 5, 327-358. PDF

1995:

Hubbard, T. L. (1995). Auditory representational momentum: Surface form, velocity, and direction effects. American Journal of Psychology, 108, 255-274. PDF

Hubbard, T. L. (1995). Cognitive representation of motion: Evidence for friction and gravity analogues. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 21, 241-254. PDF

Hubbard, T. L. (1995). Environmental invariants in the representation of motion: Implied dynamics and representational momentum, gravity, friction, and centripetal force. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 2, 322-338. PDF

Shames, V. A., & Hubbard, T. L. (1995). Consciousness beyond the comparator. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 18, 697.

1994:

Hubbard, T. L. (1994). Judged displacement: A modular process? American Journal of Psychology, 107, 359-373. PDF

Hubbard, T. L. (1994). Memory psychophysics. Psychological Research/ Psychologische Forschung, 56, 237-250. PDF

Hubbard, T. L. (1994). Random cognitive activation in dreaming does not require a Cartesian theater. Dreaming, 4, 255-266.

1993:

Hubbard, T. L. (1993). Artificial intelligence. In F. N. Magill, (Ed.), Survey of the social sciences: Psychology. Pasadena, CA: Salem Press (pp. 299-306).

Hubbard, T. L. (1993). Auditory representational momentum: Musical schemata and modularity. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 31, 201-204.

Hubbard, T. L. (1993). Cross-modality matching in memory psychophysics: Brightness and loudness. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 76, 1339-1357. PDF

Hubbard, T. L. (1993). Logic and reasoning. In F. N. Magill, (Ed.), Survey of the social sciences: Psychology. Pasadena, CA: Salem Press (pp. 1471-1478).

Hubbard, T. L. (1993). Memory and schemata. In F. N. Magill, (Ed.), Survey of the social sciences: Psychology. Pasadena, CA: Salem Press (pp. 1549-1556).

Hubbard, T. L. (1993). The effects of context on visual representational momentum. Memory & Cognition, 21, 103-114. PDF

Hubbard, T. L., & Baird, J. C. (1993). The effects of size, clutter, and complexity on the vanishing point distance in visual imagery. Psychological Research/ Psychologische Forschung, 55, 223-236. PDF

1992:

Baird, J. C., & Hubbard, T. L. (1992). The psychophysics of visual imagery. In: D. Algom, (Ed.), Psychophysical approaches to cognition. New York: Elsevier (pp. 389-440).

Hubbard, T. L., & Stoeckig, K. (1992). The representation of pitch in musical imagery. In: D. Reisberg, (Ed.), Auditory imagery. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum (pp. 199-235).

1990:

Hubbard, T. L. (1990). Cognitive representation of linear motion: Possible direction and gravity effects in judged displacement. Memory & Cognition, 18, 299-309. PDF

Hubbard, T. L. (1990). Scientific reduction and the possibility of parapsychology: Parallels from cognitive psychology. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 13, 384-385.

Johnson, J., Ettinger, R. H., & Hubbard, T. L. (1990). A long time ago in a computing lab far, far, away... Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 13, 670.

1989:

Hubbard, T. L., Baird, J. C., & Ajmal, A. (1989). Different skills or different knowledge? Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 12, 86-87.

Hubbard, T. L., Kall, D., & Baird, J. C. (1989). Imagery, memory, and size-distance invariance. Memory & Cognition, 17, 87-94. PDF

1988:

Hubbard, T. L., & Baird, J. C. (1988). Overflow, first-sight, and vanishing point distances in visual imagery. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 14, 641-649. PDF

Hubbard, T. L., & Bharucha, J. J. (1988). Judged displacement in apparent vertical and horizontal motion. Perception & Psychophysics, 44, 211-221. PDF

Hubbard, T. L., & Stoeckig, K. (1988). Musical imagery: Generation of tones and chords. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 14, 656-667. PDF

timothyhubbard.net/hubpub.html -- Revised 23 March 2012
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